For Tooth Decay, dentists use the term “Dental Caries”. According to the World Health Organization, dental caries is a major global health problem. This problem affects 2.4 billion adults (36% of the world population) and more than 530 million children with milk teeth.
Its prevalence has been persistently increasing due to changes in lifestyle and urbanization. A lack of awareness about significance and practices of good oral hygiene has also contributed to the increase in dental caries.
Dental caries occurs due to an interaction of various factors available in one’s mouth. The acid producing bacteria along with fermentable carbohydrates present in the diet have the major role. They both act together to produce acid that results in breakdown of tooth surface which leads to cavitation in the affected tooth.
If caries is left untreated, the cavity gets bigger and deeper into the teeth. It can lead to a severe toothache, root infection and ultimate tooth loss. Regular dental check-up and twice a day brushing, and flossing habits are the best protection measures against the tooth decay. Using Fluoridated toothpaste, avoiding frequent snacking and consuming low-carb diet is also recommended as preventive measure against decay.
Some elderly people who use medicines for blood pressure, diabetes or insomnia may suffer from Xerostomia. It is a disease in which saliva production is insufficient and the sufferer has dry mouth. Such patients are vulnerable to decay in the roots of the teeth. Use of sugar-free chewing gum or xylitol containing chewing gum relieve them from the agony of dryness and also reduce the incidence of caries.
Asaad Javaid 
